| Participation | ||
|---|---|---|
| N |
N=140 |
|
| survey_complete | 140 | |
| Complete | 29% (41) | |
| Incomplete | 71% (99) | |
| N is the number of non-missing values. Numbers after proportions are frequencies. | ||
Specialty Pharmacy Curriculum Survey
1 Study Overview
1.1 Background
The purpose of this study is to fill a gap in literature by evaluating the scope and depth of didactic and experiential instruction on specialty pharmacy in schools and colleges of pharmacy in the United States.
1.2 Methods
Sample is faculty members from 140 schools of pharmacy and 328 contacts in the US
Sampling included a primary contact who was identified to be the faculty member closest to the Academic Affairs division, then additional contacts added as more reminders were sent.
Survey closed Sunday, 11/3/24
1.3 Outcomes
Descriptive results
2 Descriptive Statistics
2.1 Participation
2.2 Survey
| Characteristic | N | N = 411 |
|---|---|---|
| Is this college/school public or private? | 41 | |
| Private | 20 (48.8%) | |
| Public | 21 (51.2%) | |
| Primary college/school setting | 41 | |
| Rural | 8 (19.5%) | |
| Suburban | 15 (36.6%) | |
| Urban | 18 (43.9%) | |
| State | 41 | |
| Alabama | 2 (4.88%) | |
| Arkansas | 1 (2.44%) | |
| California | 2 (4.88%) | |
| Florida | 3 (7.32%) | |
| Georgia | 2 (4.88%) | |
| Illinois | 2 (4.88%) | |
| Iowa | 1 (2.44%) | |
| Kansas | 1 (2.44%) | |
| Louisiana | 3 (7.32%) | |
| Maine | 1 (2.44%) | |
| Maryland | 1 (2.44%) | |
| Michigan | 1 (2.44%) | |
| Missouri | 1 (2.44%) | |
| Nebraska | 1 (2.44%) | |
| New Hampshire | 1 (2.44%) | |
| New York | 1 (2.44%) | |
| North Carolina | 1 (2.44%) | |
| Ohio | 1 (2.44%) | |
| Oklahoma | 2 (4.88%) | |
| Pennsylvania | 1 (2.44%) | |
| Rhode Island | 1 (2.44%) | |
| South Carolina | 1 (2.44%) | |
| South Dakota | 1 (2.44%) | |
| Tennessee | 3 (7.32%) | |
| Virginia | 1 (2.44%) | |
| Washington D.C. | 1 (2.44%) | |
| West Virginia | 1 (2.44%) | |
| Wisconsin | 2 (4.88%) | |
| Wyoming | 1 (2.44%) | |
| Geographic region | 41 | |
| Midwest | 11 (26.8%) | |
| Northeast | 6 (14.6%) | |
| Southeast | 19 (46.3%) | |
| Southwest | 2 (4.88%) | |
| West | 3 (7.32%) | |
| What is the estimated enrollment size of students entering the (P1) PharmD class for 2024/2025? | 41 | |
| < 26 | 3 (7.32%) | |
| 26-50 | 13 (31.7%) | |
| 51-75 | 16 (39.0%) | |
| 76-100 | 4 (9.76%) | |
| >100 | 5 (12.2%) | |
| Do you have a faculty member (full or affiliate) practicing in a specialty pharmacy owned and operated by a health system? | 41 | |
| No | 27 (65.9%) | |
| Unsure | 3 (7.32%) | |
| Yes | 11 (26.8%) | |
| Do you offer any specialty pharmacy focused didactic elective courses? | 41 | |
| No | 33 (80.5%) | |
| Unsure | 1 (2.44%) | |
| Yes | 7 (17.1%) | |
| 1 n (%) | ||
2.3 Sections
2.3.1 Didactic Course Information
| Characteristic | N | sp | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No SP Faculty, N = 301 | SP Faculty, N = 111 | ||
| Do you offer any specialty pharmacy focused didactic elective courses? | 41 | ||
| No | 28 (93.3%) | 5 (45.5%) | |
| Unsure | 0 (0%) | 1 (9.09%) | |
| Yes | 2 (6.67%) | 5 (45.5%) | |
| Please provide the estimated number of credit hours that specialty pharmacy elective(s) are offered. | 7 | ||
| 2 | 2 (100.0%) | 4 (80.0%) | |
| 4 | 0 (0%) | 1 (20.0%) | |
| Missing | 28 | 6 | |
| Please provide the approximate number of students that complete a specialty pharmacy elective annually. | 7 | ||
| 3 | 1 (50.0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| 5 | 0 (0%) | 1 (20.0%) | |
| 8 | 1 (50.0%) | 1 (20.0%) | |
| 10 | 0 (0%) | 1 (20.0%) | |
| 20 | 0 (0%) | 1 (20.0%) | |
| 40 | 0 (0%) | 1 (20.0%) | |
| Missing | 28 | 6 | |
| 1 n (%) | |||
| Characteristic | N | N = 411 |
|---|---|---|
| Do you offer any specialty pharmacy focused didactic elective courses? | 41 | |
| No | 33 (80.5%) | |
| Unsure | 1 (2.44%) | |
| Yes | 7 (17.1%) | |
| Please provide the estimated number of credit hours that specialty pharmacy elective(s) are offered. | 7 | |
| 2 | 6 (85.7%) | |
| 4 | 1 (14.3%) | |
| Missing | 34 | |
| Please provide the approximate number of students that complete a specialty pharmacy elective annually. | 7 | |
| 3 | 1 (14.3%) | |
| 5 | 1 (14.3%) | |
| 8 | 2 (28.6%) | |
| 10 | 1 (14.3%) | |
| 20 | 1 (14.3%) | |
| 40 | 1 (14.3%) | |
| Missing | 34 | |
| 1 n (%) | ||
| Characteristic | N | N = 411 |
|---|---|---|
| Do you offer any specialty pharmacy focused didactic elective courses? | 41 | |
| No | 33 (80.5%) | |
| Unsure | 1 (2.44%) | |
| Yes | 7 (17.1%) | |
| Please provide the estimated number of credit hours that specialty pharmacy elective(s) are offered. | 7 | |
| Mean (SD) | 2.3 (0.8) | |
| Median (IQR) | 2.0 (2.0 - 2.0) | |
| Range | 2.0 - 4.0 | |
| Missing | 34 | |
| Please provide the approximate number of students that complete a specialty pharmacy elective annually. | 7 | |
| Mean (SD) | 13.4 (12.9) | |
| Median (IQR) | 8.0 (6.5 - 15.0) | |
| Range | 3.0 - 40.0 | |
| Missing | 34 | |
| 1 n (%) | ||
2.3.1.1 Topics covered in elective courses
| Characteristic | N = 71 |
|---|---|
| Specialty medication access process (benefit investigation, prior authorization, appeal of insurance determination, and financial assistance) | 5 (71.4%) |
| Specialty pharmacy practice (SP business, stakeholders, models, role of PharmD) | 4 (57.1%) |
| Disease state management: Oncology | 4 (57.1%) |
| Disease state management: Other specialty conditions | 4 (57.1%) |
| Accreditation/Compliance | 3 (42.9%) |
| Outcomes/Value | 3 (42.9%) |
| Disease state management: Immune-mediated | 3 (42.9%) |
| Disease state management: Multiple Sclerosis | 2 (28.6%) |
| Other | 1 (14.3%) |
| 1 n (%) | |
| Characteristic | N | N = 291 |
|---|---|---|
| Selection | 29 | |
| Specialty medication access process (benefit investigation, prior authorization, appeal of insurance determination, and financial assistance) | 5 (17.2%) | |
| Disease state management: Oncology | 4 (13.8%) | |
| Disease state management: Other specialty conditions | 4 (13.8%) | |
| Specialty pharmacy practice (SP business, stakeholders, models, role of PharmD) | 4 (13.8%) | |
| Accreditation/Compliance | 3 (10.3%) | |
| Disease state management: Immune-mediated | 3 (10.3%) | |
| Outcomes/Value | 3 (10.3%) | |
| Disease state management: Multiple Sclerosis | 2 (6.90%) | |
| Other | 1 (3.45%) | |
| 1 n (%) | ||
| x |
|---|
| pipeline surveillance, forecasting, and contracting; clinical auditing; proactive adherence monitoring and technician's role; recruiting, talent development, and careers in specialty pharmacy |
2.3.1.2 Years elective course offered
| Characteristic | N = 71 |
|---|---|
| P3 year | |
| Yes | 7 (100.0%) |
| P2 year | 5 (71.4%) |
| P1 year | 1 (14.3%) |
| 1 n (%) | |
2.3.2 How are the following specialty pharmacy (SP) topics covered in your DIDACTIC curriculum?
2.3.2.1 Specialty pharmacy practice (SP business, stakeholders, accreditation, models, role of PharmD)
| Characteristic | N = 411 |
|---|---|
| Integrated into required course(s) | 17 (41.5%) |
| None | 13 (31.7%) |
| Integrated into elective course(s) | 8 (19.5%) |
| Unsure | 5 (12.2%) |
| Other (e.g., labs, simulations) | 4 (9.76%) |
| 1 n (%) | |
| Characteristic | N = 111 |
|---|---|
| Integrated into required course(s) | 4 (36.4%) |
| Integrated into elective course(s) | 3 (27.3%) |
| None | 2 (18.2%) |
| Unsure | 2 (18.2%) |
| Other (e.g., labs, simulations) | |
| No | 11 (100.0%) |
| 1 n (%) | |
| Characteristic | N = 301 |
|---|---|
| Integrated into required course(s) | 13 (43.3%) |
| None | 11 (36.7%) |
| Integrated into elective course(s) | 5 (16.7%) |
| Other (e.g., labs, simulations) | 4 (13.3%) |
| Unsure | 3 (10.0%) |
| 1 n (%) | |
| x |
|---|
| none |
| 1 |
| None |
| none |
2.3.2.2 Specialty medication access process
2.3.2.2.1 Table
| Characteristic | N = 411 |
|---|---|
| Integrated into required course(s) | 17 (41.5%) |
| Integrated into elective course(s) | 8 (19.5%) |
| Other (e.g., labs, simulations) | 8 (19.5%) |
| Unsure | 8 (19.5%) |
| None | 7 (17.1%) |
| 1 n (%) | |
| Characteristic | N = 111 |
|---|---|
| Integrated into required course(s) | 5 (45.5%) |
| Integrated into elective course(s) | 4 (36.4%) |
| Other (e.g., labs, simulations) | 1 (9.09%) |
| None | 1 (9.09%) |
| Unsure | 1 (9.09%) |
| 1 n (%) | |
| Characteristic | N = 301 |
|---|---|
| Integrated into required course(s) | 12 (40.0%) |
| Other (e.g., labs, simulations) | 7 (23.3%) |
| Unsure | 7 (23.3%) |
| None | 6 (20.0%) |
| Integrated into elective course(s) | 4 (13.3%) |
| 1 n (%) | |
2.3.2.3 Disease state management: Oncology
2.3.2.3.1 Table
| Characteristic | N = 411 |
|---|---|
| Integrated into required course(s) | 32 (78.0%) |
| Integrated into elective course(s) | 6 (14.6%) |
| Unsure | 5 (12.2%) |
| Other (e.g., labs, simulations) | 1 (2.44%) |
| None | 1 (2.44%) |
| 1 n (%) | |
| Characteristic | N = 111 |
|---|---|
| Integrated into required course(s) | 9 (81.8%) |
| Integrated into elective course(s) | 3 (27.3%) |
| Other (e.g., labs, simulations) | 1 (9.09%) |
| None | |
| No | 11 (100.0%) |
| Unsure | |
| No | 11 (100.0%) |
| 1 n (%) | |
| Characteristic | N = 301 |
|---|---|
| Integrated into required course(s) | 23 (76.7%) |
| Unsure | 5 (16.7%) |
| Integrated into elective course(s) | 3 (10.0%) |
| None | 1 (3.33%) |
| Other (e.g., labs, simulations) | |
| No | 30 (100.0%) |
| 1 n (%) | |
2.3.2.4 Disease state management: Immune-mediated (RA, psoriasis, IBD)
| Characteristic | N = 411 |
|---|---|
| Integrated into required course(s) | 34 (82.9%) |
| Unsure | 4 (9.76%) |
| Integrated into elective course(s) | 2 (4.88%) |
| Other (e.g., labs, simulations) | 2 (4.88%) |
| None | 2 (4.88%) |
| 1 n (%) | |
| Characteristic | N = 111 |
|---|---|
| Integrated into required course(s) | 10 (90.9%) |
| Integrated into elective course(s) | 2 (18.2%) |
| Other (e.g., labs, simulations) | 2 (18.2%) |
| None | |
| No | 11 (100.0%) |
| Unsure | |
| No | 11 (100.0%) |
| 1 n (%) | |
| Characteristic | N = 301 |
|---|---|
| Integrated into required course(s) | 24 (80.0%) |
| Unsure | 4 (13.3%) |
| None | 2 (6.67%) |
| Integrated into elective course(s) | |
| No | 30 (100.0%) |
| Other (e.g., labs, simulations) | |
| No | 30 (100.0%) |
| 1 n (%) | |
| x |
|---|
| as above, incorporated into patient care lab |
| lecture, case discussion |
2.3.2.5 Disease state management: Multiple Sclerosis
2.3.2.5.1 Table
| Characteristic | N = 411 |
|---|---|
| Integrated into required course(s) | 25 (61.0%) |
| None | 9 (22.0%) |
| Unsure | 6 (14.6%) |
| Integrated into elective course(s) | 1 (2.44%) |
| Other (e.g., labs, simulations) | |
| No | 41 (100.0%) |
| 1 n (%) | |
| Characteristic | N = 111 |
|---|---|
| Integrated into required course(s) | 9 (81.8%) |
| Integrated into elective course(s) | 1 (9.09%) |
| Unsure | 1 (9.09%) |
| Other (e.g., labs, simulations) | |
| No | 11 (100.0%) |
| None | |
| No | 11 (100.0%) |
| 1 n (%) | |
| Characteristic | N = 301 |
|---|---|
| Integrated into required course(s) | 16 (53.3%) |
| None | 9 (30.0%) |
| Unsure | 5 (16.7%) |
| Integrated into elective course(s) | |
| No | 30 (100.0%) |
| Other (e.g., labs, simulations) | |
| No | 30 (100.0%) |
| 1 n (%) | |
2.3.2.6 Disease state management: Other specialty conditions
| Characteristic | N = 411 |
|---|---|
| Integrated into required course(s) | 34 (82.9%) |
| Integrated into elective course(s) | 4 (9.76%) |
| Unsure | 4 (9.76%) |
| Other (e.g., labs, simulations) | 3 (7.32%) |
| None | 2 (4.88%) |
| 1 n (%) | |
| Characteristic | N = 111 |
|---|---|
| Integrated into required course(s) | 10 (90.9%) |
| Integrated into elective course(s) | 2 (18.2%) |
| Other (e.g., labs, simulations) | 2 (18.2%) |
| None | |
| No | 11 (100.0%) |
| Unsure | |
| No | 11 (100.0%) |
| 1 n (%) | |
| Characteristic | N = 301 |
|---|---|
| Integrated into required course(s) | 24 (80.0%) |
| Unsure | 4 (13.3%) |
| Integrated into elective course(s) | 2 (6.67%) |
| None | 2 (6.67%) |
| Other (e.g., labs, simulations) | 1 (3.33%) |
| 1 n (%) | |
| x |
|---|
| lecture, case discussion |
2.3.2.7 Free text
| x |
|---|
| HIV, HCV, rheumatoid arthritis, transplant |
| Other derm conditions-atopic dermatitis |
| infectious diseases |
| Reproductive Endocrinology and related topic, Investigational drugs s |
| HIV, HCV |
| Chron's Disease |
| HIV, HCV, transplant, parkinson's disease, MS, IBD and RA are covered in pharmacotherapy |
| Endocrinology |
| None |
| HIV |
| Hepatitis |
| nuclear pharmacy |
| HIV, HCV, transplant, Parkinson |
| x |
|---|
| Movement disorders, headache, transgender care, gastroenterology, allergy/immunology/pulmonology, rheumatology, dermatology |
| It varies. This year we covered HCV, psoriasis and focused on specialty meds for severe asthma, transplant and migraine |
2.3.3 Summary figures of didactic curriculumn
2.3.3.1 Response by course type
2.3.3.2 Percentage of topics with and without SP faculty
2.3.4 List other method(s) that specialty pharmacy content is covered in didactic curriculum:
2.3.4.1 Free text
| x |
|---|
| none |
| Unsure |
| 2 |
| medication access is covered in labs - in general for meds, but the same concepts apply to specialty meds. |
| None |
| simulation and skills assessment |
2.3.5 Please provide the estimated number of contact hours spent on specialty pharmacy content throughout the curriculum:
| Characteristic | N | N = 41 |
|---|---|---|
| Specialty pharmacy practice | 23 | |
| Mean (SD) | 4.4 (3.9) | |
| Median (IQR) | 3.0 (1.0 - 6.0) | |
| Range | 1.0 - 15.0 | |
| Missing | 18 | |
| Specialty medication access process | 26 | |
| Mean (SD) | 2.5 (2.4) | |
| Median (IQR) | 2.0 (1.0 - 2.8) | |
| Range | 0.0 - 12.0 | |
| Missing | 15 | |
| Disease state management: Oncology | 35 | |
| Mean (SD) | 17.0 (15.7) | |
| Median (IQR) | 12.0 (2.5 - 30.0) | |
| Range | 0.0 - 60.0 | |
| Missing | 6 | |
| Disease state management: Immune-mediated | 35 | |
| Mean (SD) | 7.8 (6.4) | |
| Median (IQR) | 6.0 (2.0 - 10.0) | |
| Range | 0.0 - 20.0 | |
| Missing | 6 | |
| Disease state management: Multiple Sclerosis | 26 | |
| Mean (SD) | 2.1 (1.0) | |
| Median (IQR) | 2.0 (1.3 - 2.8) | |
| Range | 0.0 - 4.0 | |
| Missing | 15 | |
| Disease state management: Other specialty conditions | 35 | |
| Mean (SD) | 6.9 (7.0) | |
| Median (IQR) | 4.0 (1.5 - 10.0) | |
| Range | 0.0 - 30.0 | |
| Missing | 6 |
| Characteristic | N | N = 32 |
|---|---|---|
| Specialty pharmacy practice | 17 | |
| Mean (SD) | 4.9 (4.2) | |
| Median (IQR) | 4.0 (2.0 - 6.0) | |
| Range | 1.0 - 15.0 | |
| Missing | 15 | |
| Specialty medication access process | 20 | |
| Mean (SD) | 2.9 (2.6) | |
| Median (IQR) | 2.0 (1.0 - 4.0) | |
| Range | 1.0 - 12.0 | |
| Missing | 12 | |
| Disease state management: Oncology | 32 | |
| Mean (SD) | 18.3 (15.8) | |
| Median (IQR) | 14.0 (6.0 - 30.0) | |
| Range | 0.0 - 60.0 | |
| Disease state management: Immune-mediated | 30 | |
| Mean (SD) | 8.7 (6.4) | |
| Median (IQR) | 8.0 (3.3 - 10.0) | |
| Range | 0.0 - 20.0 | |
| Missing | 2 | |
| Disease state management: Multiple Sclerosis | 23 | |
| Mean (SD) | 2.1 (1.1) | |
| Median (IQR) | 2.0 (1.5 - 3.0) | |
| Range | 0.0 - 4.0 | |
| Missing | 9 | |
| Disease state management: Other specialty conditions | 32 | |
| Mean (SD) | 6.8 (7.1) | |
| Median (IQR) | 4.0 (1.8 - 10.0) | |
| Range | 0.0 - 30.0 |
| Characteristic | N | N = 34 |
|---|---|---|
| Specialty pharmacy practice | 20 | |
| Mean (SD) | 4.6 (4.1) | |
| Median (IQR) | 3.0 (1.0 - 6.3) | |
| Range | 1.0 - 15.0 | |
| Missing | 14 | |
| Specialty medication access process | 22 | |
| Mean (SD) | 2.6 (2.6) | |
| Median (IQR) | 2.0 (1.0 - 3.8) | |
| Range | 0.0 - 12.0 | |
| Missing | 12 | |
| Disease state management: Oncology | 32 | |
| Mean (SD) | 18.3 (15.8) | |
| Median (IQR) | 14.0 (6.8 - 30.0) | |
| Range | 0.0 - 60.0 | |
| Missing | 2 | |
| Disease state management: Immune-mediated | 34 | |
| Mean (SD) | 8.0 (6.4) | |
| Median (IQR) | 7.0 (2.3 - 10.0) | |
| Range | 0.0 - 20.0 | |
| Disease state management: Multiple Sclerosis | 24 | |
| Mean (SD) | 2.1 (1.0) | |
| Median (IQR) | 2.0 (1.8 - 3.0) | |
| Range | 0.0 - 4.0 | |
| Missing | 10 | |
| Disease state management: Other specialty conditions | 32 | |
| Mean (SD) | 6.8 (7.1) | |
| Median (IQR) | 4.0 (1.8 - 10.0) | |
| Range | 0.0 - 30.0 | |
| Missing | 2 |
| Characteristic | N | N = 25 |
|---|---|---|
| Specialty pharmacy practice | 15 | |
| Mean (SD) | 4.7 (4.2) | |
| Median (IQR) | 4.0 (1.5 - 6.0) | |
| Range | 1.0 - 15.0 | |
| Missing | 10 | |
| Specialty medication access process | 18 | |
| Mean (SD) | 2.8 (2.7) | |
| Median (IQR) | 2.0 (1.0 - 3.8) | |
| Range | 0.0 - 12.0 | |
| Missing | 7 | |
| Disease state management: Oncology | 25 | |
| Mean (SD) | 16.5 (14.6) | |
| Median (IQR) | 12.0 (2.0 - 30.0) | |
| Range | 0.0 - 50.0 | |
| Disease state management: Immune-mediated | 24 | |
| Mean (SD) | 8.0 (6.1) | |
| Median (IQR) | 6.0 (3.0 - 10.0) | |
| Range | 0.0 - 20.0 | |
| Missing | 1 | |
| Disease state management: Multiple Sclerosis | 25 | |
| Mean (SD) | 2.1 (1.0) | |
| Median (IQR) | 2.0 (1.0 - 3.0) | |
| Range | 0.0 - 4.0 | |
| Disease state management: Other specialty conditions | 25 | |
| Mean (SD) | 6.3 (7.3) | |
| Median (IQR) | 4.0 (1.0 - 10.0) | |
| Range | 0.0 - 30.0 |
| Characteristic | N | N = 34 |
|---|---|---|
| Specialty pharmacy practice | 18 | |
| Mean (SD) | 4.7 (4.2) | |
| Median (IQR) | 3.0 (1.3 - 6.0) | |
| Range | 1.0 - 15.0 | |
| Missing | 16 | |
| Specialty medication access process | 21 | |
| Mean (SD) | 2.7 (2.6) | |
| Median (IQR) | 2.0 (1.0 - 4.0) | |
| Range | 0.0 - 12.0 | |
| Missing | 13 | |
| Disease state management: Oncology | 34 | |
| Mean (SD) | 17.5 (15.7) | |
| Median (IQR) | 13.0 (4.0 - 30.0) | |
| Range | 0.0 - 60.0 | |
| Disease state management: Immune-mediated | 32 | |
| Mean (SD) | 8.4 (6.4) | |
| Median (IQR) | 8.0 (3.0 - 10.0) | |
| Range | 0.0 - 20.0 | |
| Missing | 2 | |
| Disease state management: Multiple Sclerosis | 25 | |
| Mean (SD) | 2.1 (1.0) | |
| Median (IQR) | 2.0 (1.0 - 3.0) | |
| Range | 0.0 - 4.0 | |
| Missing | 9 | |
| Disease state management: Other specialty conditions | 34 | |
| Mean (SD) | 6.6 (7.0) | |
| Median (IQR) | 4.0 (1.3 - 10.0) | |
| Range | 0.0 - 30.0 |
2.3.6 Experiential course information
| Characteristic | N | N = 411 |
|---|---|---|
| Does your curriculum offer a designated "specialty pharmacy" APPE or an APPE experience based primarily within a specialty pharmacy? | 41 | |
| No | 4 (9.76%) | |
| Unsure | 8 (19.5%) | |
| Yes | 29 (70.7%) | |
| Please provide the number of available specialty pharmacy sites (locations). | 29 | |
| Mean (SD) | 7.0 (9.1) | |
| Median (IQR) | 5.0 (2.0 - 8.0) | |
| Range | 0.0 - 50.0 | |
| Missing | 12 | |
| Please provide the approximate number of experiences available per year. This would be the total number of openings among all specialty pharmacy practice sites. | 29 | |
| Mean (SD) | 21.6 (22.1) | |
| Median (IQR) | 12.0 (6.0 - 30.0) | |
| Range | 0.0 - 96.0 | |
| Missing | 12 | |
| Please provide the approximate number of students that take a specialty pharmacy APPE per year (e.g., 8 students per year). | 29 | |
| Mean (SD) | 10.0 (10.7) | |
| Median (IQR) | 6.0 (4.0 - 12.0) | |
| Range | 0.0 - 44.0 | |
| Missing | 12 | |
| 1 n (%) | ||
| Characteristic | N | N = 411 |
|---|---|---|
| Does your curriculum offer a designated "specialty pharmacy" APPE or an APPE experience based primarily within a specialty pharmacy? | 41 | |
| No | 4 (9.76%) | |
| Unsure | 8 (19.5%) | |
| Yes | 29 (70.7%) | |
| Please provide the number of available specialty pharmacy sites (locations). | 29 | |
| Mean (SD) | 7.0 (9.1) | |
| Median (IQR) | 5.0 (2.0 - 8.0) | |
| Range | 0.0 - 50.0 | |
| Missing | 12 | |
| Please provide the approximate number of experiences available per year. This would be the total number of openings among all specialty pharmacy practice sites. | 29 | |
| Mean (SD) | 21.6 (22.1) | |
| Median (IQR) | 12.0 (6.0 - 30.0) | |
| Range | 0.0 - 96.0 | |
| Missing | 12 | |
| Please provide the approximate number of students that take a specialty pharmacy APPE per year (e.g., 8 students per year). | 29 | |
| Mean (SD) | 10.0 (10.7) | |
| Median (IQR) | 6.0 (4.0 - 12.0) | |
| Range | 0.0 - 44.0 | |
| Missing | 12 | |
| 1 n (%) | ||
| Characteristic | N | Primary college/school setting | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rural, N = 81 | Suburban, N = 151 | Urban, N = 181 | ||
| Does your curriculum offer a designated "specialty pharmacy" APPE or an APPE experience based primarily within a specialty pharmacy? | 41 | |||
| No | 2 (25.0%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (11.1%) | |
| Unsure | 2 (25.0%) | 2 (13.3%) | 4 (22.2%) | |
| Yes | 4 (50.0%) | 13 (86.7%) | 12 (66.7%) | |
| Please provide the number of available specialty pharmacy sites (locations). | 29 | |||
| Mean (SD) | 10.0 (2.8) | 3.9 (3.8) | 9.4 (13.2) | |
| Median (IQR) | 11.0 (9.0 - 12.0) | 2.0 (2.0 - 5.0) | 6.0 (3.0 - 8.5) | |
| Range | 6.0 - 12.0 | 1.0 - 15.0 | 0.0 - 50.0 | |
| Missing | 4 | 2 | 6 | |
| Please provide the approximate number of experiences available per year. This would be the total number of openings among all specialty pharmacy practice sites. | 29 | |||
| Mean (SD) | 52.8 (36.6) | 14.3 (14.4) | 19.2 (15.2) | |
| Median (IQR) | 52.5 (32.5 - 72.8) | 10.0 (5.0 - 20.0) | 17.5 (9.0 - 22.3) | |
| Range | 10.0 - 96.0 | 1.0 - 50.0 | 0.0 - 50.0 | |
| Missing | 4 | 2 | 6 | |
| Please provide the approximate number of students that take a specialty pharmacy APPE per year (e.g., 8 students per year). | 29 | |||
| Mean (SD) | 17.5 (15.6) | 5.9 (5.2) | 11.8 (12.4) | |
| Median (IQR) | 12.0 (7.5 - 22.0) | 4.0 (3.0 - 7.0) | 6.5 (5.0 - 15.5) | |
| Range | 6.0 - 40.0 | 1.0 - 20.0 | 0.0 - 44.0 | |
| Missing | 4 | 2 | 6 | |
| 1 n (%) | ||||
2.3.6.1 In which specialty pharmacies are APPEs offered
| Characteristic | N = 291 |
|---|---|
| Large chain specialty pharmacies (e.g., Walgreens Specialty) | 24 (82.8%) |
| Health system specialty pharmacies | 23 (79.3%) |
| Independent specialty pharmacies | 16 (55.2%) |
| PBM-owned specialty pharmacies (e.g., Express Scripts, CVS Caremark) | 9 (31.0%) |
| Unsure | 2 (6.90%) |
| Other | 1 (3.45%) |
| 1 n (%) | |
| Characteristic | N | N = 761 |
|---|---|---|
| Selection | 76 | |
| Large chain specialty pharmacies (e.g., Walgreens Specialty) | 24 (31.6%) | |
| Health system specialty pharmacies | 23 (30.3%) | |
| Independent specialty pharmacies | 16 (21.1%) | |
| PBM-owned specialty pharmacies (e.g., Express Scripts, CVS Caremark) | 9 (11.8%) | |
| Unsure | 2 (2.63%) | |
| [Zero selected] | 1 (1.32%) | |
| Other | 1 (1.32%) | |
| 1 n (%) | ||
2.3.7 For EXPERIENTIAL (IPPE/APPE) curriculum, please consider how often the topic listed on the left is covered in a rotation experience
| Characteristic | N | N = 411 |
|---|---|---|
| Specialty pharmacy practice (SP business, stakeholders, accreditation, models, role of PharmD) | 41 | |
| Few or no APPE/IPPE experiences (< 10) | 18 (43.9%) | |
| Many APPE/IPPE experiences (>20) | 2 (4.88%) | |
| Some APPE/IPPE experiences (10-20) | 10 (24.4%) | |
| Unsure | 11 (26.8%) | |
| Specialty medication access process (benefit investigation, prior authorization, appeal of insurance determination, and financial assistance) | 41 | |
| Few or no APPE/IPPE experiences (< 10) | 15 (36.6%) | |
| Many APPE/IPPE experiences (>20) | 5 (12.2%) | |
| Some APPE/IPPE experiences (10-20) | 10 (24.4%) | |
| Unsure | 11 (26.8%) | |
| Disease state management: Oncology | 41 | |
| Few or no APPE/IPPE experiences (< 10) | 11 (26.8%) | |
| Many APPE/IPPE experiences (>20) | 5 (12.2%) | |
| Some APPE/IPPE experiences (10-20) | 16 (39.0%) | |
| Unsure | 9 (22.0%) | |
| Disease state management: Immune-mediated (RA, psoriasis, IBD) | 41 | |
| Few or no APPE/IPPE experiences (< 10) | 17 (41.5%) | |
| Many APPE/IPPE experiences (>20) | 2 (4.88%) | |
| Some APPE/IPPE experiences (10-20) | 9 (22.0%) | |
| Unsure | 13 (31.7%) | |
| Disease state management: Multiple Sclerosis | 41 | |
| Few or no APPE/IPPE experiences (< 10) | 21 (51.2%) | |
| Some APPE/IPPE experiences (10-20) | 6 (14.6%) | |
| Unsure | 14 (34.1%) | |
| Disease state management: Other specialty conditions (e.g., HIV, HCV, transplant, movement disorders) | 41 | |
| Few or no APPE/IPPE experiences (< 10) | 15 (36.6%) | |
| Many APPE/IPPE experiences (>20) | 3 (7.32%) | |
| Some APPE/IPPE experiences (10-20) | 12 (29.3%) | |
| Unsure | 11 (26.8%) | |
| 1 n (%) | ||
2.3.8 Future Perceptions
| Characteristic | N | N = 411 |
|---|---|---|
| How valuable do you perceive specialty pharmacy content to be in your curriculum? | 41 | |
| Mean (SD) | 5.8 (1.8) | |
| Median (IQR) | 5.0 (5.0 - 7.0) | |
| Range | 1.0 - 9.0 | |
| How do you anticipate specialty pharmacy content changing in your curriculum in the next 5-10 years? | 41 | |
| Moderate increase | 23 (56.1%) | |
| Moderate reduction | 1 (2.44%) | |
| No change | 13 (31.7%) | |
| Significant increase | 4 (9.76%) | |
| Please provide any additional comments you may have related to specialty pharmacy in school/college of pharmacy curricula. | 8 | |
| APPE availability fluctuates significantly so difficult to estimate | 1 (12.5%) | |
| I don't think it is the disease state information we need to improve upon but on the delivery of care at the pharmacy. This will continue to be a growing niche and our graduates should be competent to step into this area to ensure medications can be safely provided to this very diverse patient population. | 1 (12.5%) | |
| I think that specialty pharmacy is a growing practice and will become more competitive for pharmacists to enter this area of practice. We see a growing interest of our students. We need to figure out how to distinguish these APPE rotations. For example, right now our health systems specialty pharmacy is lumped in with our required Amb care and students don't have a clear way to select this rotation. Therefore they tend to elect the available elective through Walgreens. We have a new instructor for the specialty elective this year, so we will see how student interest and involvement changes and where the instructor identifies opportunities for growth. | 1 (12.5%) | |
| None | 1 (12.5%) | |
| Our school, like others, incorporates applicable specialty products throughout each of the therapeutics courses where these are marketed. These are rarely first-line therapies but are discussed regarding their respective place as 2nd or further-line choices within treatment guidelines. In our management and healthcare delivery courses we specifically cover the health system issues and logistics of specialty pharmacy. We do have more unfilled specialty rotations than APPE students are interest in. We are hoping to promote greater student interest in specialty pharmacy. | 1 (12.5%) | |
| We have 4 PGY-1 residencies that have a focus in specialty pharmacy | 1 (12.5%) | |
| We use the ACCP toolkit to guide the clinical content related to specialty pharmacy. We also have an Oncology Practice Management elective that goes over specialty pharmacy, etc. | 1 (12.5%) | |
| We used to have a specialty course, but it was a challenge to get students interested in the materials (as it was focused on more of the SP process compared to specialty diseases). | 1 (12.5%) | |
| Missing | 33 | |
| 1 n (%) | ||
| Characteristic | N | N = 411 |
|---|---|---|
| How valuable do you perceive specialty pharmacy content to be in your curriculum? | 41 | |
| 1 | 1 (2.44%) | |
| 2 | 1 (2.44%) | |
| 3 | 1 (2.44%) | |
| 4 | 1 (2.44%) | |
| 5 | 20 (48.8%) | |
| 6 | 2 (4.88%) | |
| 7 | 8 (19.5%) | |
| 8 | 4 (9.76%) | |
| 9 | 3 (7.32%) | |
| How do you anticipate specialty pharmacy content changing in your curriculum in the next 5-10 years? | 41 | |
| Moderate increase | 23 (56.1%) | |
| Moderate reduction | 1 (2.44%) | |
| No change | 13 (31.7%) | |
| Significant increase | 4 (9.76%) | |
| Please provide any additional comments you may have related to specialty pharmacy in school/college of pharmacy curricula. | 8 | |
| APPE availability fluctuates significantly so difficult to estimate | 1 (12.5%) | |
| I don't think it is the disease state information we need to improve upon but on the delivery of care at the pharmacy. This will continue to be a growing niche and our graduates should be competent to step into this area to ensure medications can be safely provided to this very diverse patient population. | 1 (12.5%) | |
| I think that specialty pharmacy is a growing practice and will become more competitive for pharmacists to enter this area of practice. We see a growing interest of our students. We need to figure out how to distinguish these APPE rotations. For example, right now our health systems specialty pharmacy is lumped in with our required Amb care and students don't have a clear way to select this rotation. Therefore they tend to elect the available elective through Walgreens. We have a new instructor for the specialty elective this year, so we will see how student interest and involvement changes and where the instructor identifies opportunities for growth. | 1 (12.5%) | |
| None | 1 (12.5%) | |
| Our school, like others, incorporates applicable specialty products throughout each of the therapeutics courses where these are marketed. These are rarely first-line therapies but are discussed regarding their respective place as 2nd or further-line choices within treatment guidelines. In our management and healthcare delivery courses we specifically cover the health system issues and logistics of specialty pharmacy. We do have more unfilled specialty rotations than APPE students are interest in. We are hoping to promote greater student interest in specialty pharmacy. | 1 (12.5%) | |
| We have 4 PGY-1 residencies that have a focus in specialty pharmacy | 1 (12.5%) | |
| We use the ACCP toolkit to guide the clinical content related to specialty pharmacy. We also have an Oncology Practice Management elective that goes over specialty pharmacy, etc. | 1 (12.5%) | |
| We used to have a specialty course, but it was a challenge to get students interested in the materials (as it was focused on more of the SP process compared to specialty diseases). | 1 (12.5%) | |
| Missing | 33 | |
| 1 n (%) | ||